Characteristics of Ionic Compounds Class 10

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Characteristics of ionic compounds for class 10 is being discussed here. the topic belongs to chapter 3 Metals and non-metals. We know metals are the elements that lose or donate electrons and non-metals gain or accept electrons.

Characteristics of Ionic Compounds Class 10

Metals are electropositive elements and non-metals are electronegative elements.

Before we dive into the topic characteristic of ionic compounds, we must know what are ionic compounds and how they are formed.

 

What are ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds are formed by oppositely charged ions which have strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

Metal losses electron from its outermost shell and form cation(positively charged ion) and this electron is accepted by  a non-metal and get converted into anion(negatively charged ion).

The bond formed between cation and anion is an ionic bond and the compound is known as ionic compound.

 

Characteristic of ionic compounds

Characteristics of ionic compounds are due to strong ionic bond. Following are the general characteristic of ionic compounds.

  1. Physical state
  2. Melting point
  3. Boiling point
  4. Solubility
  5. Conductivity of electricity

 

  1. Physical state

      Ionic compounds are solid in physical state , this is because of strong force of attraction(ionic bond) between positive and negative ions. Ions are arranged close to each other in ionic compound that’s why they are solid and brittle.

Brittle means they can be broken into pieces on striking or applying force.

  1. Melting point

  Ionic compounds have very high melting points because a large amount of energy is required to overcome the strong inter ionic electrostatic force.so melting points of ionic compounds are very high.

  1. Boling points

 Ionic compounds are solid and ions are closely packed. Before start boiling, they must melt but they high melting point. So due to strong electrostatic force (ionic bond) they have high boiling point.

  1. Solubility

 Ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents like water and insoluble in non- polar solvents.

Ions are attracted by polar ends of solvents(water) and the ionic bond is broken that’s why they dissolve in polar solvents.

  1. Conductivity of electricity

 Conduction of electric current involves movement of charged particles. Ions cannot move in solid state but in molten state or in aqueous solution, ionic compounds changed into ions and they conduct electricity.

So ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state or aqueous solution.

 

Important questions

1.Why are ionic compounds usually hard?

  Ans – There is strong electrostatic force between ions so ions are closely packed, that’s why ionic compounds are hard.

2.Are solid ionic compounds conductor of electricity?

 Are – No, solid ionic compounds are not conductors of electricity. Movement of charged particles is necessary for conduction of electricity.

3.Why has sodium chloride a high melting point?

 Ans – Sodium and chlorides ions are oppositely charged ions and are strongly bonded with strong electrostatic force or ionic bond and form sodium chloride. High energy is needed to break this ionic bond, so NaCl has high melting point.

4.Is NaCl an ionic compound?

  Ans -Yes, NaCl is an ionic compound. It consists of positively charged sodium ion and negative chloride ion.

5.Is  `CO_2` an ionic compound?

Ans-  No, `CO_2` is not an ionic compound, it has covalent bond between carbon and oxygen.

6.Which compound contains ionic bonds?

Ans – Ionic compounds like sodium chloride, magnesium chloride has ionic bond.

7.Why do ionic compound have high melting point?

Ans – Ionic compounds have high melting points due to strong electrostatic attraction force between oppositely charged ions.

8.Is ionic compound soluble in water?

Ans-  Yes, ionic compound is soluble in water as it is a polar solvent.

9.Which of the following are not ionic compound KCl, HCl , `C Cl_4` NaCl?

Ans – NaCl and KCl are ionic compounds.

10.Is  `MgCl_2` an ionic compound?

Ans – Yes magnesium chloride is an ionic compound as it has positively charged ion magnesium and negative ions chlorine.

11.Why HCl is not ionic compound?

Ans – HCl is an ionic compound because there is covalent bond between hydrogen and chlorine atoms as they share electrons and form single bond.

MCQs based on characteristics of ionic compounds

1.What type of bond is found in ionic compounds?

  1. covalent bond
  2. ionic bond
  3. hydrogen bond
  4. none of the above

 correct answer – (b)

2.What is the main reason for solid state of ionic compounds at room temperature?

  1. Weak force
  1. Strong ionic bond
  2. Strong covalent bond
  3. All of the above

    Correct answer –(b)

3.Which is not the characteristic of ionic compound?

  1. Low melting point
  2. High melting point
  1. Soluble in water
  2. Solid

   Correct answer –(a)

4.Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

  1. Weak electrostatic force
  2. Strong covalent bond
  3. Strong electrostatic force
  4. Metallic force

   Correct answer –(c)

5.In which state can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  1. Liquid state
  2. Solid state
  3. Gaseous state
  4. All of the above

   Correct answer –(a)

6.In which type of solvent are ionic compounds soluble?

  1. Non-polar solvent
  2. Organic solvent
  3. Polar solvent
  4. None of the above

    Correct answer-(c)

7.Why do ionic compounds dissolve in water?

  1. Water breaks the ionic bond
  2. Ions are attracted to water molecules
  3. Ions lose their charges in water
  4. None of the above

    Correct answer-(b)

8.What is necessary for conduction of electricity in ionic compounds?

  1. Strong covalent bond
  2. Movement of ions
  3. Ionic bond
  4. None of above

   Correct answer- (b)

9.Which of the following compound is not an ionic compound?

  1. `MgCl_2`
  2. `NaCl`
  3.  `CO_2`
  4. All of the above

    Correct answer-(c)

10.What type of ions do non-metal form in ionic compounds?

  1. Anions
  2. Cations
  3. Neutrons
  4. Protons

     Correct answer-(a)

11.Why do ionic compounds have a crystalline structure?

  1. Due to regular arrangement of ions
  2. Due to covalent bonds
  3. Due to weak attraction force
  4. All of the above

   Correct answer-(a)

12.Which of the following compound have high melting point?

  1. `H_2O`
  2. `CO_2`
  3. `NaCl`
  4. `HCl`

    Correct answer-(c)

13.Which type of bond is formed between metal and non-metal?

  1. Covalent bod
  2. Ionic bond
  3. Metallic bond
  4. Coordinate bond

     Correct answer-(b)

14.What property of ionic compound makes them brittle?

  1. Crystal lattice structure
  2. High melting point
  3. Low melting point
  4. Ionic bond

    Correct answer-(a)

15.What happens to ions in an ionic compound when it dissolve in water?

  1. They lose their charges
  2. They remain as ions in solution
  3. They form covalent bond with water molecule
  4. None of them

    Correct answer-(b)

16.Which of the following element form a cation?

  1. Na
  2. Cl
  3. O
  4. F

    Correct answer-(a)

Quiz on characteristics of ionic compounds

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